Tips dan Trick Memaksimalkan WINdow-XP

Tips dan Trick Memaksimalkan WIN-XP

Copy-Paste kode di bawah ini jika Anda ingin mempublikasikannya ulang untuk keperluan non-komersil. DILARANG memodifikasi separuh atau seluruh bagian dari kode tersebut.

*Widget By Vandy 165

Ada beberapa hal yang bisa dipergunakan untuk melakukan set up terhadap performa dan kinerja dari win xp , antara lain adalah :

1. mempercepat startup windows XP

* buka windows explorer

* masuk ke c:\%whatever%\Prefetch (%whatever% = folder windows loe)

* select semua file di folder prefetch

* Delete

* restart komputer & loe bisa lihat klo startupnya lebih cepat dari biasa

Ada beberapa hal yang bisa dipergunakan untuk melakukan set up terhadap performa dan note : cara ini dilakukan kurang lebih 2 minggu sekali

2. menonaktifkan account administrator pada windows XP

* click start->Control Panel->Performance and maintenance->administrative tools->local security policy

* Di dalam folder local security policy, masuklah ke security settings\localpolicies\security options

* click dua kali policy Accounts:Administrator account status lalu pilih disabled

* click ok lalu tutup window tersebut.

note : Cara ini dilakukan untuk menghindari orang2 “jahil” yang ingin merusak windows anda, tetapi apabila trick ini dilakukan maka account administrator tidak akan bisa dibuka lagi, kecuali anda membuat backup account yang fungsinya sama seperti administrator.

3. bikin cepet bandwith (Original Posted Neo_T)

* Click Start–>Run–> tuliskan “gpedit.msc” (tanpa tanda ” )

* setelah masuk ke group policy editor, masuk ke Local Computer Policy–>Computer Configuration–>Administrative Templates–>Network–>QOS Packet Scheduler–>Limit Reservable Bandwidth

* pilih ENABLE reservable bandwidth, lalu ganti 20% menjadi 0

01. Cara cepat keluar Windows.

Klik kanan pada Desktop -> New -> Shortcut. Isikan:

C:\windows\rundll.exe user.exe,exitwindowsexec

Ketika seseorang melakukan double-click pada desktop, maka

Windows akan langsung menutup semua aplikasi yang sedang

berjalan tanpa proses lebih lanjut yang memakan waktu

lebih lama seperti pada proses Start atau Shutdown.

02. Cara cepat restart Windows

Terkadang pada sebuah program, Windows harus direstart setelah

proses install maupun uninstall dan proses booting membutuhkan

waktu yang relatif lama (tergantung jenis processor dan jumlah

memory yang dimiliki).

Cara cepat untuk merestart Windows adalah membuat shortcut

seperti pada trik #01. Dan pada command link box diisi:

C:\windows\rundll.exe user.exe,exitwindows

03. Mendisable Shutdown pada Start Menu.

Jalankan regedit. Start -> Run -> regedit. Browse

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\micr*soft\Windows\CurrentVersion\

Policies\Explorer

Jika tidak ditemukan Explorer, dapat dibuat entry baru dengan

cara mengklik-kanan New -> Key. Klik-kanan lagi untuk memilih

New -> DWORD Value kemudian rename menjadi NoCloseKey atau

NoClose dengan value data adalah 1.

XXX: 1 untuk mengaktifkan dan 0 untuk menonantifkan (default)

04. Menyembunyikan Drive pada Window Explorer

Menggunakan regedit seperti pada trik #03, namun entry yang

harus ditambahkan adalah NoDrives (DWORD Value) dengan

value data adalah 3FFFFFF. Untuk menampilkan kembali, hapus

entry NoDrives.

05. Bermain dengan WinLogon

Menggunakan regedit dan mebuat entry Dword baru pada

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\micr*soft\Windows\

CurrentVersion\Winlogon

Tambahkan entry

LegalNotice Text? = “Kabayan belajar Windows Hacking”

LegalNoticeCaption = “Kabayan Keren”

06. Mendisable SaveSetting

Buat entry DWORD baru pada

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\micr*soft\Windows\

CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer

isi dengan NoSaveSetting dan value datanya adalah 1.

07. By-pass Windows Login

Ketika Start up Windows, tekan F8 sebelum logo startup

Windows muncul, pilih Command Prompt Only. Pindah ke

direktori C:\WINDOWS dan hapus file yang berekstensi .pwl.

C:\WINDOWS> attrib *.pwl

C:\WINDOWS> del *.pwl

READ MORE - Tips dan Trick Memaksimalkan WINdow-XP

TIP OVER CLOCK

Sep 11, '07 1:48 PM

for everyone

Overclock, tentu sudah pernah Anda dengar. Per definisi artinya adalah menjalankan komputer pada kecepatan clock lebih tinggi dari spesifikasinya, menurut Wikipedia overclock artinya menjalankan sebuah komponen komputer diatas dari clock rate dari yang seharusnya. Misalnya Duron 600MHz dijalankan pada clock 1080MHz. Overclock memang menjadi keasyikan tersendiri bagi penggemar komputer. Dengan sistem minimal, pengguna berusaha kreatif untuk mencari, bagian mana pada sistem yang masih bisa dioptimalkan, dengan tambahan biaya dan periferal seminim mungkin. Meski terdengar berbahaya, tapi jika Anda melakukan overclock dengan hati-hati dan tidak bernafsu maka resikonya akan kecil sekali.

Untung Rugi Overclock

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Keuntungan overclock jelas, PC dapat bekerja lebih cepat. Tapi juga ada risiko untuk langkah ini. Yang paling ringan adalah CPU tidak mau bekerja alias hang. Yang paling pahit, chip prosesor rusak permanen akibat suhu prosesor yang terlalu tinggi. Prosesor yang bekerja pada suhu yang tinggi ini dapat berkurang umurnya, yang memang didesain untuk bertahan kurang lebih selama kurang lebih 10 tahun. Namun, orang yang iseng barangkali telah mengepak komputer yang dipakainya sepuluh tahun lalu dalam sebuah kotak kaca dan dipajang di kamar pribadi atau ruang kerja sebagai peninggalan sejarah.

Maka pertimbangkan! Apakah dalam 10 tahun ke depan Anda tidak ingin mengganti prosesor yang sekarang Anda pakai? Apakah Anda yakin pada saat itu prosesor Anda masih bisa digunakan untuk aplikasi masa depan? Jika memang Anda tidak akan memakai prosesor tersebut sepuluh tahun mendatang, mengapa tidak mencoba overclock saja? Untuk mengatasi masalah suhu, harus dilakukan usaha pendinginan. Pendinginan inilah yang akan menjadi perhatian utama kita dalam overclock. Beberapa tahun yang lalu, overclock biasanya hanya memaksa prosesor bekerja pada clock speed satu level di atasnya, misalnya Pentium 120MHz ke 133MHz. Tapi sekarang, dengan berkembangnya bus speed pada motherboard, anda juga dapat menggeber clock dan bus speed.

CPU Clock dan BUS Clock

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Pada overclock ini, penting untuk mengetahui konsep tentang CPU clock dan bus clock. CPU clock adalah sinyal clock di dalam CPU, termasuk prosesor. CPU clock inilah yang sering disebut pada spesifikasi prosesor. Contohnya Pentium 4 2,4GHz. Artinya, prosesor tersebut mendapat jatah CPU clock 2,4GHz. Clock artinya bukan arloji atau jam. Di sini maksudnya adalah sinyal yang digunakan oleh prosesor untuk memicu terjadinya suatu proses.

Anda bisa menggunakan software gratis CPU-z atau Central Brain Identifier untuk medeteksi CPU clock.

Lebih jelasnya begini. Andaikan sebuah prosesor akan melakukan proses penjumlahan, yang dilakukan pertama kali adalah mengambil data dari memori. Tapi penjumlahan tidak bisa langsung dilakukan, karena menunggu sinyal clock, yang analog dengan pemicu pistol. Semakin tinggi frekuensi clock/clock speed, semakin banyak sinyal picu/trigger yang disediakan dalam satu periode tertentu, sehingga akan semakin banyak proses yang dapat dipicu pada periode tersebut. Misalkan PC Pentium 4 2,4GHz. Prosesor ini memiliki frekuensi clock 2400 juta sinyal per detik. Andaikan untuk sebuah proses penjumlahan memerlukan 1 buah sinyal clock, maka dengan prosesor Pentium 4 2,4GHz, dapat dilakukan maksimal 2400 juta kali proses penjumlahan.

Prosessor AMD sejak AthlonXP mulai menggunakan model number yang mengidentifikasikan performance rating dari prosesor bersangkutan. Sebagai contoh AthlonXP dengan model number 2000+ sebenarnya mempunyai clock efektif sebesar 1,67GHz namun setara dengan prosesor lain berkecepatan 2GHz.

Bus clock sendiri merupakan clock yang terjadi pada jalur data (bus) di motherboard. Bus ini analog dengan jalan raya, yang akan dilewati bit-bit data, di mana data analog dengan mobil di jalan raya. Bus clock akan menjadi panduan saat transfer data antar komponen melalui bus. Contohnya, transfer data dari dan ke RAM atau harddisk akan melalui bus, dan akan dipicu oleh bus clock. Bus yang ada dalam motherboard biasanya memiliki clock standar. PCI, misalnya, clock speednya adalah 1/2 bus clock, jadi clock standarnya 33MHz. Sedangkan AGP, clock standarnya 66MHz. Jika bus-bus tersebut digeber di atas clock standarnya dan ternyata periferal yang terhubung tidak mampu bekerja di atas clock standar, maka sistem tidak dapat bekerja normal. Resep pertama untuk melakukan overclock adalah Anda harus sudah paham kerja sebuah komputer dan mengenali komponen-komponennya.

Tipe Overclock

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Hubungan antara CPU clock dan bus clock dijalin oleh sebuah pengali/multiplier. Secara sederhana, CPU Clock = Bus Clock * Multiplier. Misalkan, AMD AthlonXP 2000+ dengan clock speed standarnya yaitu 1666MHz adalah hasil perkalian bus clock 133MHz dengan multiplier 12,5 (dua belas setengah). Pentium 4 2,4GHz adalah perkalian bus 200MHz dengan multiplier 12. Bisa juga perkalian bus clock 266MHz dengan multiplier 9. Lho, kan jadinya 2,394GHz (2394MHz)? Memang, ada pembulatan agar menjadi angka yang utuh. Dengan demikian, untuk melakukan overclock, yang dapat ditingkatkan adalah bus clock, multiplier, atau keduanya. Jika yang dinaikkan multipliernya, maka CPU clock akan naik, tapi bus clock tetap.

AMD AthlonXP 2000+ (1666MHz=133MHz*12,5)

Overclock 1: 133MHz*15=1995MHz.

Overclock 2: 166MHz*12=1992MHz.

Kenapa overclock 2 mempunyai kinerja lebih baik dari overclock 1?

Untuk contoh di atas, pada AMD AthlonXP 2000+ (1666MHz real), jika multipliernya dinaikkan menjadi 20, maka CPU clock naik menjadi 2660MHz real. Tapi jika bus clock yang dinaikkan, otomatis CPU clock juga akan naik. Contohnya, Pentium 4 2,4GHz dengan bus clock 200MHz dan multiplier 12 bakal jadi Pentium 4 3GHz jika bus clock digenjot sampai 266MHz. Akan lebih baik jika yang dinaikkan adalah bus clocknya. Tapi alternatif yang kedua lebih sulit mengingat kemampuan periferal yang terhubung ke bus kemungkinan tidak mampu bekerja di atas clock standar. Jika CPU clock sudah mentok, sementara bus masih perkasa, turunkan saja multipliernya dan naikkan bus clock. Ini masih lebih baik dari alternatif pertama.

Persyaratan Hardware

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Untuk overclock, yang menjadi perhatian utama adalah prosesor, motherboard, dan memori, karena ketiga komponen inilah yang nantinya akan menetapkan keterbatasan overclock. Pada prosesor dan motherboard, keterbatasannya adalah pada suhu kerja. Clock yang tinggi akan meningkatkan panas pada kedua komponen, dan pada taraf tertentu akan mengakibatkan komputer hang atau bahkan tidak mau membaca hard disk saat booting.

Untuk prosesor, Intel adalah produsen prosesor yang mengharamkan overclock selain AMD yang mendukung penuh untuk urusan overclock. Untuk motherboard carilah motherboard dengan kualitas yang baik dan dapat mendukung beberapa macam bus clock serta multiplier. Selain itu, carilah motherboard yang memiliki dukungan untuk berbagai suplai tegangan CPU. Biasanya mulai 1,1 volt sampai dengan 2,3 volt dengan kenaikan per 0.025. Jika board tersebut mendukung suplai tegangan yang lebih tinggi dari 2.3 volt misalnya, ini lebih baik lagi, karena mungkin akan diperlukan untuk mensukseskan overclock dengan menaikkan suplai tegangan prosesor.

Sampai saat ini (sampai tulisan ini dibuat pertama kali) motherboard yang memiliki spesifikasi seperti di atas adalah motherboard dengan chipset VIA dan N-Force2/N-Force3. Pada memori, bus clock yang tinggi kemungkinan tidak mampu diikuti oleh RAM. Peningkatan bus clock akan meningkatkan kecepatan baca dan tulis ke memori sehingga jika memori tidak mendukung, akan terjadi kegagalan proses baca dan tulis ke memori. Semakin cepat waktu akses (access time) suatu memori, akan semakin mendukung bus clock yang tinggi.

Sekarang adalah jamannya memori DDR yang mempunyai clock lebih tinggi dibandingkan memori generasi sebelumnya. Memori jenis DDR ada beberapa tipe. PC-1600 (133MHz), PC-2100 (266MHz), PC-2700 (333MHz), PC-3200 (400MHz), dan PC-4000 (500MHz) yang muncul belakangan ini.

Tentang Prosessor Intel

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Sebelum generasi Pentium 2, kita dengan mudah bisa mengoverclock prosesor keluaran intel dengan cara menaikkan multiplier, Namun sejak munculnya Pentium 2, harapan untuk overclocking dengan cara memanipulasi multiplier musnah sudah karena sejak saat itu intel telah mengunci multiplier prosesor buatannya dan hingga kini belum ditemukan satu cara pun untuk membukanya kembali. Satu-satunya cara untuk mengoverclock prosesor intel adalah dengan cara menaikkan FSB. masalah akan timbul ketika kita dengan sembarangan menaikkan FSB begitu saja tanpa memperhatikan faktor lain.

Lantas bagaimana kita bisa mengetahui prosesor yang baik untuk dioverclock? Untuk prosesor Intel pilihlah yang mempunyai clock speed terendah didalam setiap variannya. Mengapa? ... Begini, core prosesor dibuat di dalam satu tempat yang disebut wafer. Dari sebuah wafer dapat dibuat ratusan core prosesor. Prosesor intel ber-FSB 800MHz mulai 2,4GHz, 2,8GHz dan 3GHz dibuat dalam satu wafer. Lho... mengapa kecepatannya berbeda? Kualitas prosesor terbaik adalah yang tercetak pada bagian tengah wafer, semakin kepinggir kualitasnya semakin menurun. Karena alasan kestabilan prosesor yang tidak lulus uji kecepatan 3GHz, akan diuji pada kecepatan 2,8GHz. Jika masih tidak lulus uji maka diturunkan ke 2,4GHz. Umumnya pada kecepatan ini prosesor mampu bekerja dengan baik. Karena alasan itulah maka bisa jadi prosesor 2,4GHz yang sekarang beredar bisa digeber pada kecepatan 3GHz dengan melakukan beberapa manipulasi. Misalnya menaikkan tegangan inti (V core).

Memori Untuk Overclocking

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Dalam memilih memori gunakan yang frekuensi kerjanya diatas Bus maksimal motherboard. sebagai contoh jika anda memakai motherboard ber-FSB 333MHz, maka pakailah memori dengan Bus 400MHz atau di atasnya. Ini untuk menjaga panas berlebih yang ditimbulkan akibat terjadinya kenaikan FSB. Selain itu pilihlah memori yang memang ditujukan untuk overclock karena pada keadaan standar memori jenis ini sudah dalam keadaan agresif. Secara fisik memori jenis ini mempunyai selubung berupa alumunium yang berfungsi menyerap panas seperti pada heatsink prosesor.

Dalam banyak praktek overclocking pada prosessor AMD timing memori sangat berpengaruh pada hasil akhir, contohnya memori dengan timing ketat dan mampu berjalan pada bus yang tinggi akan mempunyai hasil kinerja benchmark yang lebih baik.

Baca artikel mengenai timing memori disini.

Tidak tertutup kemungkinan untuk memakai memori yang berkecepatan sama dengan bus motherboard dengan syarat motherboard yang dipakai memiliki fitur CPU FSB/DRAM ratio seperti tampak pada halaman 3 gambar tengah sebelah kanan. Ini berfungsi supaya antara FSB prosesor dan frekuensi memory dapat bekerja secara asynchronous. Jelasnya begini, Katakanlah sekarang anda memakai memori DDR 400 yang berarti bekerja pada frekuensi 200MHz. Saat ini anda menaikkan FSB prosesor sebesar 205MHz, berarti secara tidak langsung anda telah menaikkan frekuensi memori menjadi 205MHz yang akhirnya menghasilkan frekuensi efektif sebesar 410MHz. Modus yang seperti di atas disebut Synchronous. Nah disinilah faktor motherboard sebagai komponen vital teruji karena tidak semua motherboard mempunyai fitur tersebut.

Sebagai contoh, andaikan anda memakai DDR PC-3200 dan dioperasikan dengan mode 5:4, maka akan didapat 200MHz * 5/4 = 250. Mode ini bila dijalankan pada prosesor intel 2,4C maka akan terjadi nilai overclock : 12 * 250MHz = 3GHz. Sedangkan memori akan tetap bekerja pada frekuensi 200MHz (DDR 400) alias modus Asynchronous.

Langkah Demi Langkah

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Nah inilah saatnya kita bermain-main. Sebelum mulai, siapkan dulu manual dan benda-benda yang menggambarkan konfigurasi motherboard, prosesor, dan RAM, karena banyak keterangan yang nantinya akan kita cari di situ. Bagaimana jika buku manual hilang atau tidak disertakan oleh penjualnya ketika Anda membeli? Jangan khawatir, dengan trik tertentu dan sedikit keberuntungan, mungkin kita bisa mendapatkan keterangan tentang hardware kita. Keberuntungan itu sangat tergantung dari merek motherboard yang Anda beli.

Untuk memulainya, pastikan sistem anda dalam keadaan standar dan anda telah melakukan optimalisasi windows. Untuk memastikan bahwa sistem dalam keadaan standar anda bisa menggunakan Sisoftware Sandra, AIDA 32, atau EVEREST untuk mengecek seluruh setingan yang berkaitan dengan frekuensi kerja sistem PC. Bila perlu jalankan dulu 3DMark2001 sekali saja untuk mengetes kestabilan awal lalu catat skornya. Pastikan juga anda telah paham betul dengan karakteristik hardware yang akan di overclock.

Restart PC anda, masuk ke BIOS cari fitur untuk pengaturan FSB dan multiplier. Pastikan Frekuensi AGP/PCI = 66MHz/33MHz dengan mengaktifkan opsi AGP divider (jika ada) atau PCI lock agar frekuensi AGP/PCI tidak turut terpengaruh dengan naiknya FSB. Biasanya motherboard keluaran terbaru sudah menyertakan fitur PCI lock ini.Mengapa? sebab jika AGP/PCI ikut naik bisa dipastikansistem akan berjalan tidak stabil. Seperti kita tahu hardisk adalah salah satu komponen yang terhubung ke port IDE, dan IDE termasuk komponen PCI yang dikontrol oleh chipset south bridge yang frekuensinya turut naik jika ada kenaikan FSB. Apa akibatnya jika frekuensi kerja IDE mengalami kenaikan? yang jelas akan terjadi gangguan pada platter harddisk sehingga data menjadi korup. Dengan alasan inilah maka kita harus menjaga supaya AGP/PCI tetap pada keadaan standar.

Langkah selanjutnya naikkan dulu FSB per 1MHz, lalu simpan perubahan di BIOS. Langkah pertama ini biasanya sukses. Jika windows berjalan lancar restart kembali PC anda dan masuk ke BIOS lalu ulangi lagi langkah diatas sampai mendapatkan keadaan dimana PC masih bisa booting tetapi sudah tidak bisa masuk windows. Sampai disini ada beberapa kemungkinan mengapa tidak bisa masuk windows.

Kemungkinan pertama kekurangan tegangan dan daya dari power suplai, gantilah dengan power suplai terbaik adalah yang mempunyai power output 500 Watt. simulasikan kebutuhan power dengan KOC2 Power Suplai Kalkulator

Kemungkinan kedua prosesor anda memang sudah tidak mampu lagi dioverclock.

Kemungkinan ketiga Kualitas motherboard yang memang bukan untuk keperluan overclock.

Bagaimana jika ketiga kemungkinan di atas sudah terpenuhi? artinya semua sudah memenuhi syarat. Berarti anda harus menurunkan multiplier. Coba turunkan 0.5 point kemudian restart lagi. Jika ini pun masih hang, ulangi langkah di atas sampai bisa masuk windows. Sampai disini sukses. Semudah itukah? Ya memang!!! Tapi jangan senang dulu...Anda harus melakukan prosesi yang bagi kalangan overclocker populer dengan sebutan Benchmark.

Jika komputer mau menyala beberapa lama lalu kemudian hang, kemungkinan besar disebabkan oleh panas prosesor yang berlebih. Jika ini yang terjadi, coba buka casing komputer anda, dan tunggu beberapa menit. Kemudian nyalakan lagi komputer. Jika beberapa saat kemudian, dengan selang waktu yang sama dengan sebelumnya, komputer mengalami hang lagi, artinya memang prosesor keok. Selain itu, ada kalanya hang juga disebabkan sinyal clock pada CPU menjadi kabur. Artinya, batasan antara logika 0 dan 1 pada sinyal clock menjadi tidak jelas (dalam komputer, sinyal-sinyal direpresentasikan sebagai biner dengan 0 dan 1). Untuk mengatasi hal ini, coba naikkan tegangan kerja prosesor.

Ada kalanya pada keadaan terparah komputer tidak mau booting maka langkah yang harus anda ambil adalah membuka kesing komputer dan mencari jumper reset bios kemudian mereset bios (lihat manual motherboard tapi biasanya jumper ini terletak disekitar baterai bios).

Pengujian

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Pengujian yang dilakukan ada dua tahap. Tahap pertama, pengujian terhadap kekuatan prosesor dan komponen lainnya. Jika semua komponen mampu melewati Power On Self Test (POST) dan tidak mengalami hang setelah dinyalakan selama 2 jam, misalnya, uji lagi dengan menjalankan beberapa macam aplikasi. Semakin banyak resource yang digunakan aplikasi, akan semakin baik Lalu, ukur kemampuannya menggunakan software-software benchmarking.

Yang sering digunakan biasanya Sisoftware Sandra, 3DMark2001/3DMark03, SysMark 2000/2001/2002, dan Prime95.Jika pengujian berhasil, SELAMAT! Anda telah berhasil melakukan overclock. Jika Anda seorang yang kreatif dan pemberani, Anda dapat mencoba konfigurasi yang lain untuk menentukan konfigurasi yang paling optimal. Benchmark 3DMark2001 pada setting 1024*768 16 bit, pada prinsipnya untuk menguji ketahanan prosesor. Untuk menguji performansi input/output sistem, digunakan pengujian Sysmark 2002, yang akan menjalankan aplikasi MS Word, Excel, Powerpoint, Adobe, dan Corel. Pengujian kestabilan dilakukan dengan demo 3DMark2001 1280*1024 32bit selama 1 jam. Catat skornya, bandingkan dengan skor sebelum di overclock.

Untuk menguji kestabilan, komputer hasil overclock anda harus diuji menggunakan software Prime95, suatu freeware yang terkenal di kalangan overclocker untuk menguji kestabilan prosesor. Software ini melakukan perhitungan matematika yang kompleks, sehingga penggunaan prosesor optimal sampai 100%. Perbedaannya dengan software benchmark lain seperti 3DMark2001, jika prosesor mengalami kegagalan, Prime95 otomatis akan fail. Sedangkan pada 3DMark2001, software tetap jalan, namun ada bintikbintik cacat pada tampilannya. Memang, di kalangan overclocker, Prime95 adalah standar keberhasilan.

Mengoverclock VGA Card

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Sama seperti prosesor,meng-overclock sebuah kartu grafis, sesuai istilahnya, adalah membuat clock pada kartu grafis bekerja melebihi dari spesifikasi yang telah ditetapkan oleh pabrik pembuatnya. Umumnya, overclock kartu grafis dilakukan dengan menaikkan clock dari core (chip VGA-nya) maupun dengan menaikkan clock dari memori yang digunakan. Kombinasi paling baik adalah dengan menaikkan clock dari kedua komponen tersebut, baik core chip yang digunakan maupun memori.

Pada kartu grafis yang memiliki keterbatasan utama pada bandwidth memori, menaikkan clock memori akan memberikan peningkatan lebih signifikan dibandingkan dengan menaikkan clock dari core saja. GeForce2 MX dan variannya adalah kartu grafis yang termasuk dalam jenis yang memiliki bottleneck pada memori. Secara umum meng-overclock memori GeForce2 MX akan memberikan hasil yang lebih signifikan dibandingkan dengan meng-overclock chip nVidianya sendiri. Kartu grafis tipe yang lain, masing-masing memiliki sifat yang berbeda-beda, tergantung dari arsitektur yang digunakan.

Cara Meng-overclock

Untuk melakukan overclock kartu grafis ini, cara yang paling umum adalah melalui software/program yang memang dirancang untuk itu, seperti ATI-Tool, RivaTuner, Rage3DTweak, dan PowerStrip. Seringkali driver yang disertakan bersama kartu grafis telah memiliki fasilitas untuk overclock. Dengan memanfaatkan fasilitas bawaan seperti ini maupun program yang dirancang khusus untuk overclock kartu grafis, Anda dapat menaikkan nilai clock dari core maupun memori hingga mencapai nilai maksimal yang masih dapat diterima dengan baik oleh kartu grafis Anda. Tentu saja, prosedur peningkatannya dilakukan secara perlahan-lahan.

Satu hal yang perlu Anda perhatikan adalah kestabilan dan tampilan dari kartu grafis Anda. Apabila kestabilan telah terganggu maupun gambar yang dihasilkan sudah mulai memiliki artefak yang tidak diinginkan, sebaiknya clock dari core maupun dari memori diturunkan. Pemaksaan nilai clock yang berlebihan dapat merusak kartu grafis secara permanen.

Overclock sendiri biasanya akan mengakibatkan suhu dari kartu grafis menjadi lebih panas dibandingkan dengan kondisi ketika tidak dioverclock. Hal ini dapat menurunkan umur dari kartu grafis itu sendiri. Untuk menambah kestabilan dan membuang panas yang berlebihan, dapat digunakan kipas maupun heatsink tambahan pada kartu grafis yang bersangkutan. Penggantian kipas maupun heatsink yang lama dengan yang lebih bertenaga dan besar dapat juga dilakukan. Penggunaan heatsink dan kipas ini juga bisa diterapkan pada chip memori, tidak terbatas pada chip VGA-nya saja. Sirkulasi udara pada casing juga sebaiknya diperhatikan, kelancaran aliran udara akan membantu perpindahan panas yang terjadi.

Di samping melalui program yang dirancang khusus untuk overclock, overclock ini juga dapat dilakukan melalui BIOS. Overclock melalui BIOS ini biasanya dilakukan dengan mengganti BIOS dari kartu grafis yang digunakan dengan BIOS dari pihak ketiga yang memang dirancang dengan clock yang lebih tinggi. Overclock dengan cara seperti ini tidak terlampau sering dilakukan, berhubung BIOS dari pihak ketiga yang memiliki kriteria seperti yang diinginkan cukup jarang tersedia.

Overclock juga bisa dilakukan melalui BIOS pada mainboard (tidak semua jenis mainboard), khususnya yang memiliki pilihan multiplier untuk bus AGP terhadap Front Side Bus (FSB) yang dapat dipilih secara manual, umumnya 1:2 dan 2:3. Untuk mainboard yang tidak memiliki pilihan seperti ini, mengoverclock bus AGP akan mengoverclock sistem secara keseluruhan. Dengan pilihan 1:2 dan 2:3, Anda bisa meng-overclock bus AGP Anda, hanya saja secara ekstrem.

Sebagai gambaran untuk sistem dengan FSB sebesar 133MHz, multiplier yang digunakan secara default adalah 1:2 sehingga bus AGP adalah 66MHz. Bila multiplier diubah secara manual menjadi 2:3 maka bus AGP akan memiliki clock sebesar 88,67MHz. Tergantung dari kartu grafis yang digunakan, konfigurasi ini bisa saja dapat diterima dengan baik, meskipun bisa juga kestabilan menjadi terganggu atau bahkan sistem tidak mau dinyalakan sama sekali. Satu hal yang harus diingat adalah, konfigurasi seperti ini dapat merusak kartu grafis Anda secara permanen. Risiko dari teknik overclock seperti ini adalah besar, jadi sebaiknya Anda tidak mencobanya kecuali Anda benar-benar mengetahui bahwa kartu grafis Anda dapat menerima konfigurasi clock AGP seperti ini.

Menstabilkan Kartu Grafis Hasil Overclock

Salah satu kawan sejati dari clock yang lebih tinggi adalah panas. Untuk mengatasinya diperlukan pembuangan panas yang baik. Ini bisa diperoleh dengan memasang kipas maupun heatsink tambahan, ataupun mengganti kipas dan heatsink yang lama dengan yang lebih baik lagi. Sirkulasi udara di dalam casing juga harus diperhatikan. Di samping melalui teknik pembuangan panas yang lebih baik seperti telah disebutkan, kestabilan juga dapat diperbaiki dengan menurunkan modus transfer AGP yang digunakan dari 4x ke yang lebih rendah, terutama untuk overclock dengan meningkatkan clock dari bus AGP.

Kestabilan juga kadangkala dipengaruhi oleh driver yang digunakan maupun fitur yang diaktifkan. Ada baiknya driver yang digunakan adalah yang terbaru dan fitur yang digunakan juga fitur-fitur yang standar saja. Keberuntungan juga berperan dalam hal overclock ini. Keberuntungan yang dimaksud di sini berhubungan dengan kualitas dari kartu grafis yang dimiliki. Meskipun kartu grafis yang digunakan adalah sama (misalnya sama-sama GeForce3), batas maksimum dari clock yang dapat diterima oleh masing-masing kartu grafis tidak sama, bisa saja ada yang mencapai 250MHz untuk core-nya, namun ada juga yang hanya hingga 240MHz saja.

Bila Anda ingin menaikkan kinerja kartu grafis Anda secara murah, overclock bisa Anda coba. Hal yang penting sekali untuk diingat adalah risiko dari overclock ini, jangan sampai Anda harus membeli kartu grafis yang baru.

Sebagai catatan akhir, dalam setiap kiat mengoverclock, risiko tetap saja menjadi tanggungan Anda. Dan sebagaimana komentar overclocker pada umumnya, semua hasil yang diberikan dalam overclocking sangat tergantung dari bahan-bahan yang Anda miliki.

Tool (software) pendukung

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Anda bisa menggunakan beberapa software bantu dibawah ini yang berkaitan dengan artikel ini.

CPU-Z: http://www.cpuid.org/cpuz.php

CBId: (Central Brain Identifier) http://cbid.amdclub.ru

Prime95: http://www.mersenne.org/freesoft.htm

SiSoftware Sandra: http://www.sisoftware.demon.co.uk/sandra

memtest86+: http://www.memtest86.com, http://www.memtest.org

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change the cursor blog

Blog walking to a friend's blog is always worth it. So I say Walking the Beauty Blog. Right, right? Perhaps you have a blog walking to a friend's blog and see when the mouse cursor or pointer is moved to be different with the others. Yes like this in my favorite blog. He he he. There is no change in the computer buddy? That's the practical knowledge I have gained from our friends blog http://mas-debby.blogspot.com/2011/02/cara-merubah-cursor-pada-blog.html Debby mas. So that's where I fare a way to change the look of the cursor on a blog. These tips can also apply it to blogspot or Wordpress blog. Which obviously will not burden your blog really. Meletakkannyapun easy way. Could be in the right side bar, the left or the footer. Which appear later are not in the side bar. Okay to the point that is Changing the Cursor on the blog. Here's how:

1. Login to blogger.com 
2. Click the design of the blog that you will change the cursor 
3. Click Page Element / Layout / Design.
 4. Click Add Gedget / add gadgets. 
5. Choose HTML / Javascript. 
6. Copy and paste this script into the content HTML / Javascript.

< style type = "text / css" >body {cursor: url ("http://i1003.photobucket.com/albums/af158/robotjapan/Kursor.png"), Default}< / style >
7. Finally click Save or Save

Above is a special way for blogspot. How about for your WordPress blog. About the same really.1. Login to your WordPress blog 
2. Click Appearance and Widgets 
3. Gadget Add Text, HTML or Arbitary tezt 
4. Enter the code above. 
5. Click Save to save the


Blog cursor display can be changed with some of the following image. Replace http://i1003.photobucket.com/albums/af158/robotjapan/Kursor.png the above code with the following code:http://i771.photobucket.com/albums/xx357/cebol_01/Kursor.pnghttp://i886.photobucket.com/albums/ac63/AdiSangPemimpi/kursor.pnghttp://i34.photobucket.com/albums/d132/JuL14_ok/pinkbutterflies.gifhttp://i40.photobucket.com/albums/e230/dh34sy/flame.gifhttp://i425.photobucket.com/albums/pp332/hippmibjkt/sym455.jpghttp://i340.photobucket.com/albums/o350/tomrat2212/emon.gifhttp://i872.photobucket.com/albums/ab288/bebe_munya/kursor1.gifhttp://i872.photobucket.com/albums/ab288/bebe_munya/kursor2.gifYou can also change the look of the cursor to create your own made. Good luck

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Tips for novice bloggers ...

Make my friends who had just finished making his blog, usually eager to make his blog into a unique blog, nice views, interesting, it just makes the reader happy and stop by her blog and make the interested reader to want untukmampir again on his blog that, Well, here I will give tips on how to create a unique blog, interesting but not until redirect to ripway.com. Redirctnya Ripway.com and driving is usually a http://pagesinxt.com. Redirect Blogger blog itself is usually due to the use of widgets that contain javascript that gives the order to lead to one url ripway.com. The order was certainly caused by two possibilities:
A. Blog user to enter a specific external widgets into blogs
2. There are other users who accidentally enter the hacking (hopefully not the case) The tips are:
1. Use the widget necessities
2. Use the widget that many people use it. The point is, there is a javascript which, despite being installed but can not be used or do not appear on the blog, allows that the widget contains a redirect. (widgets that can appear on the blog are the chances there ripway.com redirect, let alone that it can not)
3. Carefully when copying javascript. See the link in it, do not have any posts or pagesinxt http://ripway.com it's just three important points that I can give, this is my experience that has also been exposed to redirect ripway.com felt annoyed,

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Cervical cancer kills a woman every hour

Malignancy of cervical cancer the leading cause of death among women in Indonesia. In fact, one woman dies every hour from cervical cancer. That prompted First Lady Ani Yudhoyono launched the "Movement of Women Against Cervical Cancer." "We should pay attention to diseases that can cause death, especially the women themselves," said Ani Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono said in his speech at the House of Pertamina, Jakarta, Thursday (6/10). Cervical cancer is a malignant disease of the cervix (cervical), near the burrow copulations (Miss V). Starting from the cervix, then reached Miss V, and gradually spread if not given treatment. More than 40 years of women's cervical cancer haunt Indonesia, sometimes without us knowing it. Therefore, ditukaskan Ani Yudhoyono, was duly changed woman. Health Minister Dr Endang Rahayu Sedyaningsih added, since 2007, the Ministry of Health has developed a program of early detection of cervical and breast cancer in 14 provinces covering 63 districts / cities. In 2014 expected 25 percent of districts / cities can make early detection of cervical cancer with the goal of 80 percent of eligible women aged 30-50 years. In Asia Pacific, every four minutes a woman dies from cancer seviks. While the average in the world, one woman dies every two minutes. Every woman is at risk of contracting cervical cancer during their lifetime, regardless of age and lifestyle. Both young and adult women at risk of cervical cancer caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). "Cervical cancer is a threat that can be a health burden, mental, financial, and women are affected. Fatal than death. All women can be affected, regardless of socio-economic conditions, the background of life, education, and lifestyle, "he explained. Three years ago, exactly 21 April 2008 in the RS Dharmais, Ani Yudhoyono launched the National Program for Cervical Cancer Early Detection and Breast Cancer. As a acceleration of the achievement of the program, the movement campaigned again today. "I encourage women to change the paradigm of cervical cancer that were previously only wait, if there is a new complaint to the doctor, be proactive and continuous checks early," he added. "Changing lifestyles to be healthier so less likely to get cancer of the cervix, also transform themselves to care about other women who are at risk of cervical cancer," he explained.

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Snails made ​​sausage tasty and full of nutrition

Golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) are known as pests of plants and cause a decline in agricultural production in various regions in Indonesia, it has a good nutrient content, especially low in fat and cholesterol. Fat content in meat snails when compared with chicken turned out pretty far. According to the Management Options for the Golden Apple Snail. Rice Technology Bulletin 2001, No. 33, in 100 grams of golden apple snail meat contained as much as 0.4 grams of fat, while the chicken is much higher fat content is 25 grams per 100 grams in weight (Indonesia Food Composition Table 2009). Low in fat and cholesterol contained by the golden apple snail meat makes these animals potentially as an alternative raw material hypercholesterolemic diet. Hypercholesterolemia is a situation arising due to blood cholesterol levels that exceed normal limits. Flour protein content was also higher than the snail with fish meal. According to Siswanto (1999) in Wardana (2008) snails protein levels are at 50.74% while 30% of fish meal protein (Wardana 2008). Given this and based on the advantages of golden apple snail meat, Miftakhurohmah, Department of Community Nutrition students of Faculty of Human Ecology (FEMA) under the faculty co-Leily IPB Furkon Amalia, S.TP., M.Sc., doing research on the formulation of sausages made from snails meat. According Miftakhurohmah, sausage is the perfect snails consumed by the public, especially patients with hypercholesterolemia as an alternative to low-fat and cholesterol menu. "Sausage snails innovative menu is expected to be a safe and healthy," he said. The reason why the choice fell on the sausage, because sausage according Miftakhurohmah is one type of food that many in the community, and is a practical as well as food products that do not require a long time to serve. But the sausage is outstanding so far proved to have a high fat content. The method begins with the formulation of research sausage snails, followed by organoleptic tests to determine the best formulation. Of sausage formulations tested selected nutrient content of the ash content, water, protein, fat, and cholesterol. From the analysis carried out, the fat content is obtained at 8.56 grams per 100 grams, this number is low Raw materials such as sausage meat snails snails, chicken, soy protein isolate, cooking oil, salt, garlic, tapioca flour and ice water. Making products sausage snails performed in the Laboratory Experiments Food, Department of Community Nutrition IPB, while the nutrient analysis conducted in the Macro Nutrient Analysis Laboratory Materials, Department of Community Nutrition IPB. For cholesterol analyzes performed in the Great Hall of Agro Industry, Bogor. Standard formula sausage snails refers to the modification of the ASEAN-CANADA Project 1995 for the manufacture of chicken sausages. Sausage is a sausage made with chicken meat substitute. Snails meat used is beef cooked snails. "It needed a more precise method for making sausage snails are more homogeneous dough and need to find ways of eliminating the typical fishy odor that is difficult to remove snails. Also needed are more trained panelists in the organoleptic test in order to obtain accurate results of organoleptic, "concluded Miftakhurohmah

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laughter is good for the body

Scientists in Britain said proved that laughter, loud and long, to be good for our bodies. Professor Robin Dunbar is an evolutionary psychologist at the University of Oxford. Research on laughter, as cited VoAnews, published in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society of Biological Sciences. Dunbar examines volunteers to see how their bodies react to funny things and to things that are fun, although not necessarily to be funny. He showed the video to the object of his research. At first, they watch programs like sports, then they were shown video clips which is really funny for fifteen minutes, a television program designed to make people laugh hard. After completion of this program, Dunbar examine their reactions to pain. He put ice on the hands of the volunteers to find out how long they can withstand the extreme cold. Some volunteer arm squeezed hard ..... and harder. Some of them asked to use the gymnastics equipment to make them move faster and faster. Dunbar found that people who laugh loud and long able to withstand pain 10 percent longer than the other. He concluded that when we laugh so hard - some call it a laugh from the belly - our brain to release chemicals called endorphins. Endorphins are not just causing a sense of fun, but also reduces pain.

How volunteers are laughing, it is also important. Poor ... giggling or laughing "ha, ha, ha" simple does not have a significant impact. A loud laugh from the belly, in turn, causes the release of endorphins in greater numbers and ease the pain a lot more. Scientists argue that the endorphins produced in the greatest amount when we laugh cause abdominal muscles to move hard. When this happens, people usually say "I can not stop laughing, until the abdominal pain" Professor Dunbar also believe that laughter is important for our ancestors thousands of years ago. He called it "an early mechanism for social bonding glue". He said that laughter helps people to form groups that are increasingly large.

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ree sex because many Japanese women do not marry

Thousands of young Japanese do not have a boyfriend and many are not married, according to a survey issued by the government. The results of a survey about sex and marriage that showed more than 60% of men aged between 18-34 years while half of unmarried women at that age do not have a boyfriend. The percentage was higher than the same survey in 2005. More than a quarter of men surveyed and 23% of women said they would not even find a girlfriend. Many of them have no reason for raising money, while others say it is impossible to find a boyfriend after passing the age of 25 years. A large number of women surveyed said their own lives better for them than to marry and establish homes. The survey also showed more than a quarter of men and women aged between 35-39 years old who are not married say they have never had sex. The number of people who get married in Japan than in the declining steadily in the 1970s. Japan's birth rate is lowest in the world and causes the population will shrink dramatically in the middle of this century. The Japanese government conducted a survey on sex and marriage every five years.

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physical activity that children can make a child's achievement

In this latest study, researchers from the VU University Medical Center in Amsterdam combines the results of previous studies from North America and South Africa, including approximately 55 000 children aged 6 to 18 years. In the so-called 'systematic reviews' top-14 study, the researchers found a link between physical activity and the development of academic performance. "Based on the results of our study, we can conclude that physically active beneficial to academic performance," said Amrika Singh, chairman of the researcher team. Amika Singh, said there might be a biological explanation for linking physical activity with achievement in school. "First, a physiological explanation, such as if more and more blood flow, the more oxygen to the brain. Physically active means more production of hormones such as endorphins. Endorphins reduce stress levels and feeling better, which means our performance is also better, "he said.

In addition, for those of physical activity exercise regularly, learn the rules and how to follow it can improve behavior and concentration in class. Due to various differences between these studies, according to Singh, it is impossible to know whether the frequency or type of activity affect the extent to which many academic improvement. But, in terms of these general findings, that children who are physically active may be great achievements, Singh said that educators should consider before reducing the fitness programs in schools. Amike Singh article on the relationship between physical activity and school performance published in the journal "Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine."

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you know what? how to support her rhino?

RHINO is one of the largest land animal, but one thing that many scientists question is how these animals can support the body with small feet? The team of researchers from the UK veterinary schools of medicine, Royal Veterinary College (RVC) trying to find out more about this rhino feet. Rhinos in zoos Cholchester trained to run on a track specially designed with a variety of sensors. With these sensors, scientists can measure the pressure borne rhino feet. Professor John Hutchinson, of the laboratory RVC, said, "Rhino Legs are a mystery to us." "Not many people know about the anatomy and knowing nothing about the mechanics, physiology, and details the use of the foot," said Hutchinson. To find out more, researchers visited the zoo where rhinoceros trained Colchester. These animals were given specific instructions to hold culanya that they walk through the small streets that are equipped with weight sensors. Professor Hutchinson said, "This instrument measures the weight borne on the legs of the rhinoceros." "Elephants heavy support with the outside of the foot, while the rhinoceros with the inside" Dr. Olga Panagiotopoulou, who also examined, interested to see the difference between the legs of elephants and rhinos and how it supports the weight of large animals.

Elephants have five fingers pointing forward and recently found one that leads to the back of the finger. This finger according to scientists who support the weight of these animals. While rhinos have three fingers that seem evenly split on the leg. Dr Panagiotopoulou says, "The initial results of our study showed no weight distribution on the feet of elephants and rhinos." "Elephants heavy support with the outside of the foot, while the rhinoceros with the inside," he added. "The next stage is to try to examine the anatomical differences in the mechanism (feet)." The team of scientists wanted to research more about the rhino for the animals that live in captivity often have problems with my feet. Prof. Hutchinson says, "The more we know know about how the rhinoceros foot, it will open the possibility of helping these animals. The team from the RVC said by knowing the mechanism of rhino feet, they can apply for other applications. Prof. Hutchinson says, "By understanding the rhinoceros foot, for example, large mammals, then we can create a tool that can lift heavy and be carried around."

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Bali People

Balinese culture is perhaps most known for its dance, drama and sculpture. The culture is noted for its use of the gamelan in music. The island is also known for its form of Wayang kulit or Shadow play/Shadow Puppet theatre. It also has several unique aspects related to their religions traditions. Balinese culture is a mix of Balinese Hindu/Buddhist religion and Balinese custom. Traditionally, a display of female breasts is free not regarded as immodest, Balinese women in the last century can often be seen with their bare chest, instead a display of the thigh is immodest. In modern Bali these ethics are normally not followed anymore, but visitors visiting Balinese temples they are advised to cover their legs. In the Balinese naming system, a person's rank of birth or caste is reflected in the name. Religion Main article: Balinese Hinduism The vast majority of the Balinese believe in Agama Tirta, "holy-water religion". It is a Shivaite sect of Hinduism. Traveling Indian priests are said to have introduced the people to the sacred literature of Hinduism and Buddhism centuries ago. The people accepted it and combined it with their own pre-Hindu mythologies.[1] The Balinese from before the third wave of immigration, known as the Bali Aga, are mostly not followers of Agama Tirta, but retain their own animist traditions. The origins of the Balinese came from three periods: The first waves of immigrants came from Java and Kalimantan in the prehistoric times of the proto-Malay stock; the second wave of Balinese came slowly over the years from Java during the Hindu period; the third and final period came from Java, between the 15th and 16th centuries, at the time of the conversion of Islam in Java, aristocrats fled to Bali from the Javanese Majapahit Empire to escape Islamic conversion, reshaping the Balinese culture into a syncretic form of classical Javanese culture with many Balinese elements.

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eel aquaculture

Our current method for Eel Aquaculture in particular enlargement of the "clear water (clean / mud is not)". This method has been tested in some of the farmers that Pati, Holy, Semarang, Boyolali, Klaten and Subang. The results have been amazing during the first half the next - 2 months magnifying power is about the size of the ring finger and index finger with the adult worms eat 100%. But we "still" use mud media with a special method to perform the process pembenihannya. Maintenance medium for the cultivation of eels could be a cement pond, pool tarps, or even a drum. Eels are important not run out of media. Pool size is also adjusted to the availability of land, and this way also related to the amount of seed to be stocked eels. In addition to trying to resemble eels swam their natural habitat. To make this media pool filled with rice fields or ponds that have dried Mud, manure, compost (chaff / grain of rice that had rotted), rice straw, chopped bananas, Urea and NPK fertilizer, with a ratio as follows:

1. first layer of rice straw at 40 cm Bottom
2. Sprinkled evenly over the straw Urea and NPK 5 Kg 5 Kg
3. (For a pool size 500 cm X 500 cm, if the pool is a larger size or smaller, the ratio of fertilizer can be used as a benchmark above)
4. The second layer of soil / Lumpur as high as 5 cm
5. The third layer of manure as high as 5 cm layer of compost four setinggi5 cm
6. The fourth layer of soil / Lumpur as high as 5 cm
7. Mud fifth chopped banana trunks as high as 10 cm
8. The sixth layer of soil / Lumpur as high as 15 cm
9. The seven layers of water as high as 10 cm
10. On water hyacinth cultivated in merat ecenfg to cover three-fourths of the surface of the pond.

After all the media is filled pond maintenance, maintenance media was let stand for 2 (two) weeks to the entire media undergo a process of fermentation. And after 2 (two) weeks slesai poroses permentasinya seeds / seedlings eels can be incorporated into the pool maintenance. Eel Seed Selection techniques necessary eel seed selection is good and right, to get good quality eel and do not produce abnormal offspring, the seed selected must meet the following requirements: The limbs are still intact and smooth, ie there are no bite wounds,

1. Agile and aggressive body movements.
2. Its appearance is characterized from a healthy body is hard, not weak if in the grasp
3. He was small and brownish yellow
4. Age range 2 months - 4 months

Eels have a double sex (hermaphrodites) in his life. Eels are undergoing gender reassignment from female to male in their life cycle. Young eels are always androgynous females. While the long eel was always androgynous male. And because of the nature - the nature of the eel, eels may occur in the genital hiatus or a sissy. With eel sex change often occurs cannibalism, kill and eat each other among themselves. Eel good parent can be recognized from his appearance. For parents looking for a good eel, eels eels given the parents the following characteristics of male and female parent.

Food Eels 

Eels are naturally take different kinds of small animals that live or fall in the water. Such as insects, snails, worms. Children and young frog fish. So one of the eel is a fish-eating carnivorous animals. Young eels eat zooplankton, including protozoa such as smooth (single-celled animals), Mikrokrusasea (small crustaceans), Invertebrate microscopic (small invertebrate animals). While the start up beluta larvae eat insects, worms, snails, tadpoles of frogs, fish and seeds are still weak. Because eels live like animals, then it is not easy to find eel food. For that eels prey to the trap mnyergap menbuat. These holes are made denganmenggali Lumpur, both ditepian waters and in the rice field or marsh. This ambush hole diameter of 5 cm and elongated like a tunnel. Holes formed initially straight down, then bent and flat.<

Harvesting eel

To harvest eels, required timeliness of harvest and the harvesting. Storage containers also need to be prepared to bring in the harvest eels sales location.

Eels ready for harvest to local market needs from start sowing the seeds of at least 3 months (sisitem with enlargement) by the number of perkilonya about 20 to 30 individuals. To meet the needs of export markets began sowing the seeds of at least 6 months

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Catfish Farming

This time I also wanted to share my experience about how or catfish farming techniques.

Catfish cultivation does not require a complex treatment regimen. No need to dig in the dirt or make the pond and do not need to create a pool of concrete, but simply using tarps or deklit. But if not permanent can dig the ground or create a pool of concrete.

Using a tarp or deklit have advantages and disadvantages. Those advantages are low cost, practical, easy to make, and easy dipindakahkan wherever we want, as well as the process becomes very easy to harvest. The disadvantage is not as durable-good quality tarp could last more than 3 years, if the leak would be quite difficult, and likely to tear.

For the small-cap and are eager to learn, I guess the choice of using a tarp quite right.

For 1000 memilahara tail catfish enough sheeting measuring 4 × 6 meters. Tarp this size can be made into a pond measuring 2 × 3 meters. Size 2 × 3 with a thickness of 80 cm of water is the ideal size for 1000 tail catfish. Tarpaulin-bend bent in such a way that resembles the above-ground concrete pool.

Corners or in the pool can be supported sekiling with wood or bamboo. My experience, supported with cotton or kapok tree better. In addition to strong, cotton trees grow so that it can not decay, durable.

Once the pool finished, prepare a medium. Anyway ... preferably before the new sheeting is used, soaked first in clean water or washed with chemicals that are contained in a tarp can be reduced.

The key to success of any maintenance of fish, including catfish, is the preparation of the medium. The better the medium it will be better the results. Media like home for these fish. Media is meant here is water. Catfish do not have running water like other fish making it easier for us who are in areas that supply the water a bit.

Fill the pond with water up to 15-20 cm. Then, sow manure or cow manure in ponds thick undercooked 5-10 cm. Then scatter the banana stem or debog also in Java and Bali. Banana cut into pieces and scatter in the pool as well. I know my banana stem sap either to kill harmful bacteria. Sprinkle the leaves are also perishable. Coconut fibers can also be added in an amount not too much.

Leave for 1 to 2 weeks. Brownish colored water will even up to a greenish color. Green water color indicates water is ready to be used as media. Microorganisms thrive in the water already is required by the catfish.

If you want faster results, can use a solution of EM (effective microorganism) that can be easily purchased in stores or farmers can also make your own. But be careful with the mosquitoes that breed in stagnant water in ponds for 1-2 weeks. Deliver a small fish in the pond to eat mosquito larvae. Can also use a small catfish, catfish totaling 10 fish to control mosquito larvae.

Once the media is ready, add the water wells in the pool up to a thickness of 80 cm. Should avoid using tap water or taps, because it contains chlorine which is not good for catfish and microorganisms that grow in ponds. If water is not available enough, is filled with 40 cm first, and added little by little, over the catfish. If media is good then it could push the death of catfish to below 5%.

Sprinkle catfish seed size 2-5, but do not trigger sown. Usually the seeds are in a plastic bag filled with water. Place the bag in the water pool, so there is no adjustment of temperature and stress catfish. Seeding done early morning or late afternoon, where the surface temperature of the pool is not too different from the temperature at the bottom of the pool.

Catfish feed is available at many stores. For homemade food, I have not dared to write it here because it has not succeeded 100%. So we would not want to feed manufacturers dependence. wuih ... very unpleasant.

Conducted feeding morning and evening, which usually have a catfish is a high appetite. Adjust the amount of feed with western agencies, which is 5% of the total weight of all the population pool. If I do not usually bother with the 5%, but viewed from the feeding behavior of catfish. Give a little food, look at the behavior of catfish. If you feed wild prey, then give it a little longer, until a way to eat it is not too wild. Do not give too much food because it can make catfish became bloated and died.

Ideally in the daytime as well fed, but feed a lot of means of production costs as well. It should be handled by providing additional food during the day. For example, giving a dead chicken hanging from the surface of the pond so that the remains of inedible chicken waste and we could not be garbage in the pond. It could also give worms and bran, or giving snails, or other food additives that do not need to buy.

Catfish will be ready to harvest in the age of 2-3 months, with the size of 8-12 individuals per kilogram. But ask the buyer or the merchant, they demanded a measure of how much. Large catfish tend to be sold in the market, but sold in fishing.

Cultivation systems.

There are three known breeding system, namely:

1. Bulk systems. Performed by placing the male and female catfish in a pond with a certain ratio. In this system the male parent is free to seek a partner for mating in the nest spawning invited, so it really depends on the activity of the male parent looking for a partner.

2. Pair the system. Performed by placing the male and female in a special pool. Its success is determined by the accuracy of determining a suitable match between the two carriers.

3. Injection seeding system (Hyphofisasi).

Performed by stimulating the catfish to spawn by injection or ovulation Hyphofise gland extracts, which are at the bottom of the brain. For this purpose there must be a fish as a donor Hyphofise gland which also must be of the type of catfish.

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Nitroracers and Street Racer game PC

Confused I want to post anything else, I finally decided to share the game I have for your collection. maybe it's very useful for those of you who like my confusion. please download this game by clicking

Download Nitroracers

Download Street Racer

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RIP3 game PC

This game tells of a hero who was beaten by the robot. in this game there are also important battle between the hero with the enemy planes that attacked the hero. depending on the skill players to win this exciting game. This game can also add every skill level increases. to more clearly please download this game by clicking Download RIP3

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Gameboy

Because I ran out of ideas for posts, I now want to share a little game for you lovers of gameboy tp before you download donload first let yah emulator can be played on your computer, please forgive the limitations of this blog well and feel free to download games that I provide

Emulator Gameboy

Pro Beach Soccer Europe.gba

Cars USA Europe.gba

Premier Manager 2004-2005 Europe.gba

Pokemon-Ruby Version USA.gba

Double Dragon Advance USA.gba

Finding Nemo The Incredibles Europe.gba

Pokemon-Fire Red Version USA.gba

Crazy Frog Racer Europe.gba

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Moto Racing Game

offers an exciting game of tension and seriousness for those of you who like speeding. download this game better than we are speeding on the highway. download this game by clickingDownload Motoracing

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Fishdom Spooky Splash

This game is played on the manufacture of the tank by completing a specified level. This game was made to learn to decorate the aquarium with all the things that are inside. For those of you who want to download please download the game by clicking Download Fishdom Spooky Splash

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History Ford Comany

History Henry Ford (ca. 1919) 1896 Ford Quadricycle Main article: History of Ford Motor Company 20th century

Henry's first attempt at a car company under his own name was the Henry Ford Company on November 3, 1901, which became the Cadillac Motor Company on August 22, 1902 after Ford left with the rights to his name. The Ford Motor Company was launched in a converted factory in 1903 with $28,000 in cash from twelve investors, most notably John and Horace Dodge (who would later found their own car company). During its early years, the company produced just a few cars a day at its factory on Mack Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. Groups of two or three men worked on each car from components made to order by other companies. Later Ford realized it would be better if he manufactured all of his company's automotive parts himself instead of using parts from aftermarket sources which lead to the production of the assembly line. Henry Ford was 40 years old when he founded the Ford Motor Company, which would go on to become one of the world's largest and most profitable companies, as well as being one to survive the Great Depression. As one of the largest family-controlled companies in the world, the Ford Motor Company has been in continuous family control for over 100 years. During the mid to late 1990s, Ford sold large numbers of vehicles, in a booming American economy with soaring stock market and low fuel prices. With the dawn of the new century, legacy healthcare costs, higher fuel prices, and a faltering economy led to falling market shares, declining sales, and sliding profit margins. Most of the corporate profits came from financing consumer automobile loans through Ford Motor Credit Company.[11] 21st century By 2005, corporate bond rating agencies had downgraded the bonds of both Ford and GM to junk status,[12] citing high U.S. health care costs for an aging workforce, soaring gasoline prices, eroding market share, and dependence on declining SUV sales for revenues. Profit margins decreased on large vehicles due to increased "incentives" (in the form of rebates or low interest financing) to offset declining demand.[13] In the face of demand for higher fuel efficiency and falling sales of minivans, Ford moved to introduce a range of new vehicles, including "Crossover SUVs" built on unibody car platforms, rather than more body-on-frame chassis. In developing the hybrid electric powertrain technologies for the Ford Escape Hybrid SUV, Ford licensed similar Toyota hybrid technologies[14] to avoid patent infringements.[15] Ford announced that it will team up with electricity supply company Southern California Edison (SCE) to examine the future of plug-in hybrids in terms of how home and vehicle energy systems will work with the electrical grid. Under the multi-million-dollar, multi-year project, Ford will convert a demonstration fleet of Ford Escape Hybrids into plug-in hybrids, and SCE will evaluate how the vehicles might interact with the home and the utility's electrical grid. Some of the vehicles will be evaluated "in typical customer settings", according to Ford.[16][17] In December 2006, the company raised its borrowing capacity to about $25 billion, placing substantially all corporate assets as collateral to secure the line of credit.[18] Chairman Bill Ford has stated that "bankruptcy is not an option".[19] In order to control its skyrocketing labor costs (the most expensive in the world), the company and the United Auto Workers, representing approximately 46,000 hourly workers in North America, agreed to a historic contract settlement in November 2007 giving the company a substantial break in terms of its ongoing retiree health care costs and other economic issues. The agreement includes the establishment of a company-funded, independently run Voluntary Employee Beneficiary Association (VEBA) trust to shift the burden of retiree health care from the company's books, thereby improving its balance sheet. This arrangement took effect on January 1, 2010. As a sign of its currently strong cash position, Ford contributed its entire current liability (estimated at approximately US$5.5 Billion as of December 31, 2009) to the VEBA in cash, and also pre-paid US$500 Million of its future liabilities to the fund. The agreement also gives hourly workers the job security they were seeking by having the company commit to substantial investments in most of its factories. The automaker reported the largest annual loss in company history in 2006 of $12.7 billion,[20] and estimated that it would not return to profitability until 2009.[21] However, Ford surprised Wall Street in the second quarter of 2007 by posting a $750 million profit. Despite the gains, the company finished the year with a $2.7 billion loss, largely attributed to finance restructuring at Volvo.[22] On June 2, 2008, Ford sold its Jaguar and Land Rover operations to Tata Motors for $2.3 billion.[23][24] In January 2008, Ford launched a website listing the ten Built Ford Tough rules as well as a series of webisodes that parodied the TV show COPS. During November 2008, Ford, together with Chrysler and General Motors, sought financial aid at Congressional hearings in Washington, D.C. in the face of worsening conditions caused by the automotive industry crisis. The three companies presented action plans for the sustainability of the industry.[25] The Detroit based automakers were unsuccessful at obtaining assistance through Congressional legislation. GM and Chrysler later received assistance through the Executive Branch from the T.A.R.P. funding provisions.[26] On December 19, the cost of credit default swaps to insure the debt of Ford was 68 percent the sum insured for five years in addition to annual payments of 5 percent. That means it costs $6.8 million paid upfront to insure $10 million in debt, in addition to payments of $500,000 per year.[27] In January 2009, Ford announced a $14.6 billion loss in the preceding year, making 2008 its worst year in history. Still, the company claimed to have sufficient liquidity to fund its business plans and thus, did not ask for government aid. Through April 2009, Ford's strategy of debt for equity exchanges, erased $9.9 B in liabilities (28% of its total), in order to leverage its cash position.[28] These actions yielded Ford a $2.7 billion profit in fiscal year 2009, the company's first full-year profit in four years.[29] "The Way Forward" Main article: The Way Forward In the latter half of 2005, Chairman Bill Ford asked newly appointed Ford Americas Division President Mark Fields to develop a plan to return the company to profitability. Fields previewed the Plan, dubbed The Way Forward, at the December 7, 2005 board meeting of the company; and it was unveiled to the public on January 23, 2006. "The Way Forward" includes resizing the company to match current market realities, dropping some unprofitable and inefficient models, consolidating production lines, and shutting fourteen factories and cutting 30,000 jobs.[30] These cutbacks are consistent with Ford's roughly 25% decline in U.S. automotive market share since the mid-late 1990s. In 2010, Ford earned a net profit of $6.6 billion and reduced its debt from $33.6 billion to $14.5 billion lowering interest payments by $1 billion following its 2009 net profit of $2.7 billion.[7][8] In the U.S., the F-Series is the best selling vehicle for 2010. Ford sold 528,349 F-Series trucks during the year, a 27.7% increase over 2009, out of a total sales of 1.9 million vehicles, or every one out of four vehicles Ford sold. Trucks sales accounts for a big slice of Ford's profits, according to USA Today.[31] Ford's realignment also includes the sale of its wholly owned subsidiary, Hertz Rent-a-Car to a private equity group for $15 billion in cash and debt acquisition. The sale was completed on December 22, 2005. A 50–50 joint venture with Mahindra & Mahindra Limited of India, called Mahindra Ford India, Limited (MIFL), ended with Ford buying out Mahindra's remaining stake in the company in 2005.[32] Ford had previously upped its stake to 72% in 1998.[33] Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Ford also became President of the company in April 2006, with the retirement of Jim Padilla. Five months later, in September, he stepped down as President and CEO, and naming Alan Mulally as his successor. Bill Ford continues as Executive Chairman, along with an executive operating committee made up of Mulally, Mark Schulz, Lewis Booth, Don Leclair, and Mark Fields. The domain ford.com attracted at least 11 million visitors annually by 2008 according to a Compete.com survey. Corporate governance Ford World Headquarters in Dearborn, Michigan, known as the Glass House. Members of the board as of early 2011 are: Richard A. Gephardt, Stephen Butler, Ellen Marram, Kimberly Casiano, Alan Mulally (President and CEO), Edsel Ford II, Homer Neal, William Clay Ford Jr. (Executive Chairman), Jorma Ollila, Irvine Hockaday Jr., John L. Thornton, and William Clay Ford, Sr. (Director Emeritus).[34] The main corporate officers are: Lewis Booth (Executive Vice President, Chairman (PAG) and Ford of Europe), Mark Fields (Executive Vice President, President of The Americas), Donat Leclair (Executive Vice President and CFO), Mark A. Schulz (Executive Vice President, President of International Operations), and Michael E. Bannister (Group Vice President; Chairman & CEO Ford Motor Credit).[34] Paul Mascarenas (Vice President of Engineering, The Americas Product Development) Brands Ford Motor Company manufactures automobiles under its own name and as Lincoln in the United States. In 1958, Ford introduced a new brand, the Edsel, but poor sales led to its discontinuation in 1960. In 1985, the Merkur brand was introduced to market Fords from Europe in the United States; it met a similar fate in 1989. The Mercury brand was also introduced by Ford in 1939 but poor sales also led to its discontinuation in 2011.[35] Ford has major manufacturing operations in Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom, Germany, Turkey, Brazil, Argentina, Australia, the People's Republic of China, and several other countries, including South Africa where, following divestment during apartheid, it once again has a wholly owned subsidiary. Ford also has a cooperative agreement with Russian automaker GAZ. Ford acquired British sports car maker Aston Martin in 1989, but sold it on March 12, 2007,[36] retaining a small minority stake,[37] and bought Volvo Cars of Sweden in 1999,[38] selling it to Zhejiang Geely Holding Group in 2010. In November 2008 it reduced its 33.4% controlling interest in Mazda of Japan, to a 13.4% non-controlling interest.[39][40] On November 18, 2010, Ford reduced their stake further to just 3%, citing the reduction of ownership would allow greater flexibility to pursue growth in emerging markets. Ford and Mazda remain strategic partners through joint ventures and exchanges of technological information.[41] It shares an American joint venture plant in Flat Rock, Michigan called Auto Alliance with Mazda. It has spun off its parts division under the name Visteon. Ford sold the United Kingdom-based Jaguar and Land Rover companies and brands to Tata Motors of India in March 2008. Ford's FoMoCo parts division sells aftermarket parts under the Motorcraft brand name. Ford's non-manufacturing operations include organizations such as automotive finance operation Ford Motor Credit Company. Ford also sponsors numerous events and sports facilities around the US, most notably Ford Center (now Chesapeake Energy Arena) in downtown Oklahoma City and Ford Field in downtown Detroit. Overall the Ford Motor Company controls the Ford and Lincoln car brands.

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Rebab Instrument Gamelan

The rebab (Arabic الربابة or ربابة - "a bowed (instrument)"), also rebap, rabab, rebeb, rababah, or al-rababa) is a type of string instrument so named no later than the 8th century and spread via Islamic trading routes[citation needed] over much of North Africa, the Middle East, parts of Europe, and the Far East. The bowed variety often has a spike at the bottom to rest on the ground, and is thus called a spike fiddle in certain areas, but there exist plucked versions like the kabuli rebab (sometimes referred to as the robab or rubab). Furthermore, besides the spike fiddle variant, there also exists a variant with a pear-shaped body, quite similar to the Byzantine lyra and the Cretan lyra. This latter variant travelled to western Europe in the 11th century, and became the rebec. This article will only concentrate on the spike-fiddle rebab, which usually consists of a small, usually rounded body, the front of which is covered in a membrane such as parchment or sheepskin and has a long neck attached. There is a long thin neck with a pegbox at the end and there are one, two or three strings. There is no fingerboard. The instrument is held upright, either resting on the lap or on the floor. The bow is usually more curved than that of the violin. The rebab, though valued for its voice-like tone, has a very limited range (little over an octave), and was gradually replaced throughout much of the Arab world by the violin and kemenche. It is related to the Iraqi instrument the Joza, which has four strings. Construction The rebab is used in a wide variety of musical ensembles and genres, corresponding with its wide distribution, and is built and played somewhat differently in different areas. In Southeast Asia, the rebab is a large instrument with a range similar to the viola da gamba, whereas versions of the instrument further west tend to be smaller and higher-pitched. The body varies from being ornately carved, as in Java, to simpler models such as the 2-string Egyptian "fiddle of the Nile" may have a body made of half a coconut shell. The more sophisticated versions have a metal soundbox and the front may be half-covered with beaten copper, and half with cowskin. Arabia, Persia and the Ottomans Bedouin playing a rebab during World War II The rebab was heavily used, and continues to be used, in Persian traditional music. There is also a bowed instrument in Persian music named Kamanche which has similar shape and structure. The Rebab is also played in other countries such as India, most likely tracing its origin to Greater Iran because of its use in the Sassanid court. Malayan Archipelago K.P.H. Notoprojo, famous Indonesian rebab player In the Indonesian gamelan the rebab is an essential elaborating instrument, ornamenting the basic melody. It does not have to conform exactly to the scale of the other gamelan instruments and can be played in relatively free time, finishing its phrases after the beat of the gong ageng (the big gong that "rules" the ensemble). The rebab also frequently plays the buka when it is part of the ensemble. In the eastern Malaysian states of Kelantan and Terengganu, the Rebab is used in a healing ritual called "Main Puteri". The musician healer is sometimes taken to hospitals in cases where doctors are unable to heal ailing patients.

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